Rajasthan has a total population of 68,548,437, according to the 2011 Census. The population increased by 21.2% from 56.5 Mn in 2001. Males outnumber females in 2011, with a gender ratio of 928 females for every 1,000 males. The state has a population density of 200 per square km, with the proportion of the urban population to the total population being 24.9%. The birth rate, according to the Sample Registration System Bulletin 2018, is 24 per 1000 live births, and the death rate is 6.2 per 1000 persons.

As per the 2011 Census, 45.57% of workers are cultivators; 17.53% are farm labourers; and 2.41% work in the household industry in the state.

There are 30 medical colleges in the state; out of these, 6 are government, one is a constituent college of Rajasthan University of Health Science (RUHS), 12 medical colleges are of Rajasthan Medical Education Society, one is an ESI college in Alwar, one is the All India Meerabai Institute of Medical Sciences in Jodhpur, and the remaining nine are in the private sector.

As per the Economic Survey of 2022-2023, the state has 148 hospitals, 760 community health centres, 2,259 primary health centres (rural), 186 dispensaries, 118 mother and child welfare centres, 57 primary health centres (urban), 14,268 subcentres, and 61,800 hospital beds (excluding hospitals attached to medical colleges).

Out of a total of 118 pharma clusters in the country, 7 pharma clusters are in Rajasthan, which is 6% of the total pharma clusters in the country.

The state has 35,963 government primary schools, 15,522 government secondary/senior secondary schools with elementary classes, and 19,839 government upper primary schools. Total enrolment in government schools is 71.79 Lakh as per the DISE Report 2021-22, and enrolment under secondary education in government schools (classes 1st to 12th) is 58.62 Lakh. There are 17,365 government higher secondary schools, and 134 Swami Vivekanand government model schools operating in the state.

There are 2,531 colleges of general education, out of which 474 are government colleges, 16 are government law colleges, 2,033 are private colleges, 2 are self-financing institutions, and 6 are established with private partnerships.  The state has 82 engineering colleges; out of these, 17 are government engineering colleges, and 65 are private colleges with a total admission capacity of around 29,087 students per year. There are 49 postgraduate management education institutions with a total admission capacity of around 3,282 students per year. Rajasthan also has 1,484 teacher training colleges, 28 state-funded universities, 52 private universities, and 8 deemed universities.

Rajasthan is among the top 6 states in terms of the number of students enrolled and is one of the top states in terms of the number of colleges in India. Its literacy rate, according to the 2011 Census, is 67.06%, with 80.51% male and 52.66% female. As per the Economic Survey 2022-23, the gross enrolment ratio of Rajasthan for elementary schools is 101.8%, for secondary schools is 79.2%, for senior secondary schools is 70.4%, and for higher education is 26.1%.

Rajasthan has one of the highest rural-urban internet subscriber bases in the country, at 24.70 Mn for urban and 22.19 Mn for rural.

The state currently has two operational software technology parks, namely Jaipur and Jodhpur. Mahindra World City, spread over 1500 acres in Jaipur, is North India's largest IT SEZ, offering excellent infrastructure for IT and ITeS companies. An integrated park is also being planned in Jaipur with world-class, state-of-the-art facilities for IT players in the finance segment. It will be located just 2 km from Jaipur International Airport. It has a vast pool of trained human resources.

Rajasthan is the leader in the production of silver, silica, and copper. The Bhiwadi area in the national capital region is developing as a major ESDM hub. Jaipur-Bhiwadi-Neemrana-Udaipur-Ajmer-Kota are emerging as the next brownfield electronic manufacturing cluster.

25 of India’s best 68 industrial areas fall under the leader category in Rajasthan, as assessed by IPRS 2.0 (DPIIT).  Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation Ltd. (RIICO) offers industrial land through a transparent online bidding process.

Over 20 national highways go through Rajasthan. The NH-8 highway connects two major cities in the region, passing through Rajasthan's Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh over a distance of 635 km.

The rail route in Rajasthan is 5,929 km long. Jaipur, Kota, Bikaner, Ajmer, Udaipur, Abu Road, and Jodhpur are the major railway stations in Rajasthan. There are 597 trains that stop in Rajasthan. The Jaipur Metro Rail System has 11 stations and runs for 9.63 km from Mansarovar to Chandpole Bazaar. The metro rail system in Jaipur is the country's sixth.

Tremendous growth has also been seen in the number of aircraft movements; in 2014, this number stood at 555, which has now reached 1530 aircraft movements per week. The state has access to ~40% of India's market via the third largest network of national highways, the second largest rail network, nine ICDs one air cargo complex, and seven airports with international and national connectivity.

The Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor, India’s biggest infrastructure project, is taking shape 150 km along both sides of the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor. DMIC will be the epicentre of unprecedented physical, industrial, and logistical infrastructure, including mega industrial clusters. The Marwar Industrial Cluster is being developed over 15,000 hectares further down in Jodhpur-Pali in south-central Rajasthan, close to the Renery & Petrochemical Complex and the Petroleum, Chemicals, and Petrochemicals Investment Region in Barmer. Greater Bhiwadi Industrial Township in the Alwar district, a part of the national capital region, will be developed as a high-tech industrial zone spread over 41 thousand hectares.

A greenfield international airport and aerotropolis is proposed in Kotkasim near Bhiwadi, an hour’s drive from the national capital. It will house a 3 lakh square meter cargo complex.

Rajasthan has a total renewable energy capacity of 30,533.42 MW, comprising 23.85 MW of small hydropower, 5,195.82 MW of wind power, 126.06 MW of biopower, 24,776.69 MW of solar power, and 411.00 MW of large hydropower.

The government is committed to enabling every household to generate solar energy and even help them earn income by selling surplus electricity. To achieve this, the central government has launched the PM Surya Ghar scheme to provide up to 300 units of free electricity per month to eligible households. The Rajasthan government also plans to install solar panels in 500,000 households. The state government aims to achieve a target of 90,000 MW renewable power projects up to 2029–30, with 65,000 MW from solar, 15,000 MW from wind and hybrid, and 10,000 MW from hydro, pump storage plants, and battery energy storage systems.

As per the data released by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Rajasthan witnessed a sale/registration of 48,852 E-2W during FY 2023-24.